10 Signs You’re Secretly a Nerd

I don’t realize how to program. I just know three digits of pi. I don’t play computer games (what is League of Legends at any rate?) and I’m, best case scenario unremarkable at math. Be that as it may, I’m without a doubt a geek. Here are ten surefire indications of nerdom from an offbeat geek: 1. You like books more than you like peopleHow can your companions anticipate that you should hang out when you are highly involved with perusing a Murakami tale? All joking aside, however, books are likely your most consecrated belongings. Loaning a book to a companion is a definitive indication of trust. You bite the dust a little within when the book is come back with a wrinkle on the spread. 2. You rejoice because of addressing everythingWhat is magnificence? What is life? In the event that the universe is perpetually extending, what is it venturing into? You could discuss any of these subjects for a considerable length of time without getting even remotely exhausted. 3. Science jokes are perpetually entertaining to you ...what's more, you won’t apologize for making awful ones, in light of the fact that, let’s face it, the entirety of the great ones Argon. 4. You’re extremely specific about the TV shows you watch...and you improperly force your top choices upon others. You’ve never observed Orphan Black? Who right? On a side note, unscripted television is the most exceedingly terrible. With the exception of possibly Survivor. OK, Survivor’s certainly great. Furthermore, perhaps even The Bachelor. 5. You furtively love perusing your World History textbookAnd viewing those CrashCourse YouTube recordings. There’s such a long way to go! The Mongols, the French Revolution, King Henry VII shenanigansâ€the conceivable outcomes are unending. 6. The smell of book shops is allegorically (not actually) heavenPaper + espresso = ten thousand yeses. You would live in Barnes and Nobles in the event that it were conceivable. That is to say, who can oppose awesome fragrances and perpetual racks of books? 7. You generally Google the verses to songsHow would anyone be able to stand not knowing? Great verses are actually (truly, truly) what your ears were waiting to hear. You need to continually remind others that you tune in to independent music not on the grounds that you’re a trendy person, but since the verses are simply much better those of popular music. 8. You discover SAT vocab questions very entertainingYou even downloaded the SAT question of the day application with the goal that you could enjoy a little consistently. You invest wholeheartedly in knowing the distinction among â€Å"invoke† and â€Å"evoke.† 9. Off base language structure use rankles you...especially when it’s of the â€Å"I†/†me† sort. Hearing â€Å"me and Tony went to the recreation center yesterday† (or far more detestable, â€Å"a raging pooch bit Tony and I at the park†) resembles nails on blackboard. You for the most part smother your rectifications, yet now and then you just can’t stand up to. 10. You love eccentric games and rationale puzzlesSettlers of Catan and Munchkin are your jam. The more extended the guidance manual, the better. You still don’t comprehend why you’re consistently the one playing energetically while the remainder of your companions are nodding off.

Reality Shows Their Effect on American Teens Free Essays

Their Effect on American Teens Martha Wallace ENG 122: English Composition II Professor Kathy Conner August 8, 2011 The estimations of our ancestors for America have vanished. Every year increasingly more of American youngsters are Judging themselves dependent on the lives depicted in well known media. Certain media in the music business depicts the life of getting rich quick and having a ton of young ladies. We will compose a custom paper test on Unscripted TV dramas: Their Effect on American Teens or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Motion pictures portray an existence of quick vehicles, numerous sexual accomplices, and deceptive nature. The most recent media that has gotten well known in depicting negative qualities Is unscripted TV dramas. Unscripted TV dramas have supplanted customary family esteems wows, for example, Happy Days, Seventh Heaven, The Cowboys Show, Family Matters, and Growing Pains. Today’s family esteems are presently being depicted through shows like: Keeping up with the Sardinian, Teen Moms, The Real World, Jersey Shore, and the entirety of the Real Housewives appears. Unscripted TV dramas have changed the manner in which American adolescents see family and the estimations of marriage, trustworthiness, and regard. Today’s young people see marriage as a dedication between two individuals who are enamored. When the affection is gone, the marriage is finished. Then again, a few grown-ups may think in an unexpected way. Marriage isn't Just the outcome from adoration between two individuals. There is considerably more to it. An effective marriage resembles a decent formula whose principle fixings, other than adoration, are duty, getting, concern and reliability. In the event that you can remember these characteristics For your wedded life you can discover joy In your marriage. However, the eventual fate of the strength In American marriage Is gradually rotting. Grown-ups and teenagers the same are seeing marriage In an alternate manner. This view Is being convinced by new TV programs called Reality TV. It Is a well established truth the media has a significant influence In how teenagers see themselves as well as other people. Pretty much every individual in the US has abundance to TV and the more youthful age is the ones who watch it the most (Cheeseboard, 2003, Para 4). Considering the normal youngster invests more energy staring at the TV than with their folks. Most of them are likewise finding out about the fundamental estimations of life, additionally from TV. This realize a genuine worry of reality shows’ consequences for youngsters demeanor, qualities, and conduct. The conventional family estimation of marriage is depicted on unscripted TV dramas as a possibility for couples who are living respectively. The unscripted TV drama Keeping up with the Sardinian is an ideal case of his kind of plan. One of the more established sisters, Courtney, at present lives with her beau and when drawn nearer by another slang asking her for what valid reason she will not get hitched. Courtney answers, â€Å"I’m not certain If he Is actually the one† (Bravo, 2011, Para 2). At the point when her mom moves toward her about something very similar, Courtney answers, â€Å"Mom, I’m desire not Into ten conventional things† (Bravo, 2011, Para According to David Opened, a Rutgers human science educator and report co-creator, â€Å"Cohabitation is digging in for the long haul. I don’t think it is uplifting news, particularly for children†, he says, â€Å"As society shifts from charge to co-home, which is what’s occurring, you have an expansion in family instability’ Canyons, 2005, Para 8). The unscripted TV dramas that have hitched couples on it either end up in separate, the wife shows no regard for her significant other, or one life partner undermines the other. These are the exercises unscripted TV dramas are showing American teenagers today. The telecom station, Bravo, has a progression of shows titled, The Real Housewives of some well known urban areas in America. One of those urban communities is Atlanta. This unscripted TV drama is around six ladies who are hitched or were once hitched. The show circulated for a long time enumerating the lives of ladies who were to speak to the genuine existences of American wedded ladies living in Atlanta. Just one of the six was really hitched and before the finish of the multi year arrangement, she was petitioning for a separation. Americans by the million were tuning in every week to watch the dramatization unfurl. As indicated by Nelson Media Research, 4. 4 million watchers watched the shows season finale January 30, 2011 and 1. 3 million of those watchers were younger than 18 (2011). I don't get this' meaning for the eventual fate of marriage? Numerous adolescents no longer anticipate their big day. Truth be told in a discussion with young people through an adolescent association, Youth for Prevention, Action, and Change Through Thought (HAPPY), which plans to create network pioneers by showing youngsters social, racial, and wellbeing incongruities in their neighborhoods, a considerable lot of them don't see the requirement for marriage. One member expressed, â€Å"I’m not anticipating marriage and I don’t think we [people in general] ought to be hitched, in light of the fact that I perceive how different relationships wound up in my family and on TV. It’s consistently a fiasco. When asked which network shows she for the most part watches, she answered, â€Å"Reality appears, they ell you how life truly is†, Cones, 2006, Para 2). As this ten’s remarks show, sees about marriage are shaped by what they find in their lives and in mainstream media. Shows, for example, â€Å"The Real World† and the media’s center around the most recent big name separation don't illustrate marriage. It is an indication of the developing decrease in the estimation of probably the best establishment created in America. It is these variables that may clarify why the U. S. Separation rate approaches 40 percent. Marriage isn't the main American worth which is by all accounts influenced by unscripted TV dramas, trustworthiness s another incentive among youngsters that is practically imperceptible and unscripted TV dramas doesn't seem to make the view any more clear. Some time ago a man was held to his promise and a handshake was the main deed required. Those days are a distant memory. Nobody can trust the other. Prenuptial are composed before relationships, contracts are required among organizations, and even youngsters are marking contracts with guardians. One unscripted TV drama, Teen Moms, communicated a show which nitty gritty a composed agreement between one teenager and her folks. The reason for the agreement was to approve the parents’ words to help their girl monetarily after she brings forth he youngster. Unscripted tv appears and their consequences for youngsters can rely upon the wants and intentions they see themselves in these stars and some way or another these stars are experiencing their lives through the show. Every unscripted TV drama depicts and satisfies certain wants like ground-breaking high class living, endurance and outsmarting others, magnificence, vengeance Ana acquittal. Numerous young people appreciate a specific sense AT delight Ana fulfillment when they watch these unscripted tv appears and their belongings are consistently reflected in the manner they interface with others, manage different circumstances, and face certain difficulties. As indicated by the youngsters in HAPPY, the unscripted TV dramas are engaging Cones, 2006, Para 5). However, the vast majority of these shows are based upon different people’s disappointments, bitterness, dissatisfactions, despondencies, and other mental and physical impediment. There are some unscripted TV dramas that positively affect ten’s lives. Broadcasting station, FOX, had a show, Trading Spouses, where two families, as a rule of various social classes, trade wives or husbands for seven days. Every family is granted $50,000, with the specification that the visitor mother chooses how her receiving family should go through the cash (Schneider ; Italian, 2004). The grown-ups show how families can meet up and develop. It offers plan to the estimation of family and trustworthiness. Every member is required to respond regularly and to go to a comprehension on the most proficient method to deal with contrasts. The youngsters are allowed a chance to communicate and this normally brings about their folks rolling out certain improvements to incorporate the assessments of their kids. The guardians encounter the trustworthiness of certain disasters in their family and consent to put forth a genuine attempt to revising them. These sorts of unscripted TV drama impact adolescents in a positive manner. For those men’s that might not have had the option to communicate their musings or assessments to their folks, the show gives them proposals and permit them to see a genuine chance of the result. Most youngsters consider their to be as troublesome individuals to bargain with. This sort of unscripted tv shows the defenseless side of guardians and how they can commit error as well. Youngsters start to consider their to be as human and somebody they can converse with. Trustworthiness is seldom happened in all actuality appears, in this way our adolescents have a first column perspective on the best way to turn into a liar and bamboozle individuals. A portion of these wows are so tricky; it is difficult to envision somebody would have consented to be a member. For instance, â€Å"Joe Millionaire†, is an unscripted TV drama where ladies contend to win the core of an alleged mogul. Toward the end, the ladies discover the â€Å"Joe Millionaire† is really a â€Å"Average Joe† and need to choose if they need to remain with him. This show is likely one of the most deceptive unscripted TV dramas and unscrupulous of all. Youngsters and grown-ups the same are demonstrated approaches to be exploitative and corrupt the genuine importance of discovering affection and genuineness in a person. Regard has extraordinary significance in regular daily existence. As kids we are educated ,one expectations, to regard our folks, instructors, and seniors, school rules and transit regulations, family and social conventions, different people’s sentiments and rights, our country’s banner and pioneers, reality and people’s contrasting feelings (Dillon, 2010, Para 1). In the event that we are to live by this depiction of regard, at that point unscripted TV dramas has missed the point. An investigation called, â€Å"Kids These Days: What Americans Really Think About the Next Generation†, overviewed 2,000 grown-ups who described young people and y

Current law and Human Resources Free Essays

The practical job in HR inside an association is the smooth out procedure to overseeing workers and corporate targets to arrive at vital objectives. The present law according to HR rehearses inside an association gives the key centralized server to directing exercises (Hamel, 1996). The HR supervisory crew and senior supervisory crew cooperates with an end goal to synergize the correct technique towards compelling dynamic. We will compose a custom paper test on Current law and Human Resources or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Subsequently, the use of HR frameworks assumes a significant job to acquiring and keeps up the information required to making a learning hierarchical culture. The general duty of the senior supervisory group gives a triumphant methodology to recognizing the association inward lattice. HR in the Pursuit for Creating Learning Organization Culture The job of authoritative conduct in HR the executives enables the senior supervisory group to successfully analyze circumstances identified with the venture for fitting activity and execution inside the organization. The hierarchical conduct is a basic viewpoint to help the HR in getting to the specific aptitudes of the inward workers inside a practical authoritative grid (George and Jones, 2005). The comprehension of hierarchical conduct from a HR manager’s point of view presents an inside and out reasonable, specialized, dynamic, and relational aptitudes that are required to effectively making learning association culture. The difficulties in HR can make numerous undertakings to arriving at the objectives sketched out in goal to showing successful learning association culture. For example, the group development process is adverse to traveling through expressions of framing, raging, norming, performing, and suspending so as to arriving at the level of a learning association culture. The HR the board team’s essential objective in understanding the useful task association helps with recognizing the authoritative conduct inside the setting of group working to effectively traveling through the expressions (Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, and Sutton, 2008). The HR supervisor used the recognized hierarchical conduct ideas of the group and the utilitarian association to apply fitting human relational aptitudes for applied inspiration, information, dynamic, change the board, code of morals, style of correspondence, and initiative bearing (Robbins, 2005) The association between the HR chief and the senior supervisory crew are the tough shaped relationship that fortifies the correspondence lattice. The exertion for sharing and getting basic data concerning the phases of the venture errands arranges the task for exact answering to partners (Thill and Bovee, 2007). Accordingly, the authoritative conduct presents a cooperative energy to the viable correspondence network checked by the task chief to guarantee that the channel is successfully being handed-off by all people. The specialized technique decides the accomplishment of the venture and characterizes the hierarchical conduct idea inside the association. Venture chiefs assume a significant job in helping the HR division to execute change the executives for a target to making a learning domain that strengthened the indentified authoritative conduct idea (Hunger, 2007). In doing as such, the desires for the finished extension destinations are met just as an arrangement of a gainful task group. The ability of compelling correspondence is the way to moving the rules of authoritative conduct by exhibiting great dynamic. The undertaking manager’s choices give the sorted out endeavors to remaining on message and mission goals for leading preparing to illuminate and motivate the inner representatives and outer accomplices (George and Jones, 2005). The dynamic distinguishes the potential situations inside the authoritative conduct idea of the association for a more straightforward way to deal with an issue. Individually, the learning hierarchical societies present a test for the venture to moving in the ideal course (Bryman, 2007). Along these lines, the undertaking supervisors ought to reproduce the learning authoritative societies inside the partnership situations that strengthened the particular targets. In doing as such, the exhibited dynamic to lead the reason for a viable taking in authoritative culture showed from understanding the way of life and making sure about an adequate idea of the hierarchical conduct (Burnes, 2004). The distinguished learning authoritative culture inside the undertaking condition enables the human asset administrator, senior supervisory group, and venture chief in persuading the inner groups to take a stab at compelling learning condition (Collis, 2003). The learning authoritative culture impacts the organization for dynamic during the way toward finishing the undertakings for expectations, where, the hierarchical conduct identifies how fruitful the channels of actualizing changes and how issues are tended to. In this manner, the correspondence and culture characterizes the authoritative conduct for HR to viably and effectively deal with the necessities of the association (Cameron, 2004). The exchange of data and conveying an away from of the interior undertaking needs basically benefits all related people to the advancement of the learning hierarchical culture structure (Dibb, 2007). In the system of hierarchical conduct, the qualities of powerful correspondence and understanding the way of life diagrams the hypothesis of inspiration for HR to use in hardening the group. The hypothesis of inspiration offers the HR key ideas to execute to the reclassifying the particular objectives set out from the undertaking sanction to the degree. The hypothesis of inspiration ranges from various idea of reason from scholars to apply a specific logical methodology, be that as it may, the immediate methodology is the model to interfacing the group goals with a reason attitude among inward organization representatives. Most workers need to feel the significance of the destinations; hence, the task director inspired correspondence strategies are basic for accomplishing the arranged objectives. The interest for an effective usage is the ordinary practical tasks of the procedure of undertaking the executives inside the setting of learning authoritative conduct. The endeavors of the three â€Å"C† are correspondence, participation, and coordination that all work together in a synergistic way to deal with make a triumphant alliance with hierarchical conduct and venture the board. The three â€Å"C† are fundamental to giving the methods in permitting venture the executives to work in a positive group condition. The target to oversee and finish the conveyance of the authoritative conduct inside the principals of HR is the capacity to accomplish the company’s objectives and crucial a key system. The new authoritative structure for the centralization of a HR office makes an open door for a change while executing another stage in learning goals. In this manner, the change the executives plan for the HR office is to layout a disentangled method to smooth out the data, so as to actualize change in learning condition. The obligations are to effectively catch the standards for starting, execution, and to unify the learning social association activity. The change the board plan crucial an authoritative structure will sharpen around the administration doled out to the venture that strengthens center activities. The correspondence model for the change the executives plan is excessively centered around key perspectives to join and execute inside a framework authoritative structure. So as to implant a fruitful change inside a network authoritative structure, the ID of alloted HR administration just as the end beneficiary is required. In this manner, the human asset director is the center capable element to guarantee the starting, executing, change the board, and correspondence model. The human director center duty is to give the authority to synchronize other division heads, association coaches, assets, and undertaking group so as to productively and successfully complete the task (Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, and Sutton, 2005). The correspondence model assumes a basic job to achieving the errands laid out for a fruitful progress from one idea to a changed idea. Along these lines, the HR supervisor drives the bearing for the undertaking to authorize destinations important to achieve the CEO principally strategic the association. Step by step instructions to refer to Current law and Human Resources, Essays

Society In The Crucible and Death of a Salesman - Literature Essay Samples

Two plays by Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman and The Crucible, both contend that society is the indifferent, sometimes brutal, force that crushes an individual. Although the plays take place in different time periods, they each convey the force of society through setting and conflict. They particularly show this theme through the formation of masses or of opposing sides, as with the girls and townsfolk of The Crucible and the company values in Death of a Salesman. The use of scapegoats like Tituba and Willy further develop the theme. Finally, the sacrifices of Proctor and Willy show the pressure that society places on men to be honorable. Society contributes a great amount to the plight of a protagonist, and Miller portrays this theme through his characters and their interaction with one another. The two plays exhibit the theme of societys power by showing a development of opposing sides, or enemies. For example, in The Crucible, the townspeople and the young girls take sides ag ainst the older women of the town. The Putnams are the primary adult offenders in the town. They fear what they do not understand, so they fear the supernatural connection between witchcraft and the deaths of their newborn children. Their position in society causes them to fear, so they oppose the sages of the group who do not have fear. Likewise, the children form sides against the older women of the group, but for different reasons. The children are completely restricted in their actions, particularly by the elderly, who represent their authorities. Thus, they react by unleashing their imaginations on the older townspeople. Similarly, Death of a Salesman is plagued with the formation of sides. This time, however, the conflict arises between Willy and the ethics of the new salesman. According to Richard J. Foster, The values that seem to be represented in Willy, the good values that function in the play as implicit criticisms of societys bad values, are the familiar romantic ones: nature, freedom, and the body; free self-expression and self-realization; individualism and the simple life (Foster 3). Willys nostalgic, almost quixotic ethics contrast with those of society, Howard, and modern business. It is evident in Willys scene with Howard, in which he is fired, that the sides are clearly defined, and Willys morals are no longer valuable to the company. As Miller writes, WILLY. In those days there was personality in it, Howard. There was respect, and comradeship, and gratitude in it. Today, its all cut and dried, and theres no chance of bringing friendship to bearor personality. You see what I mean? They dont know me anymore. HOWARD. Thats just the thing, Willy. Thus, the forces of society crush Willy as an individual by making everything he has ever known obsolete. Furthermore, both The Crucible and Death of a Salesman portray the enormous power of society through the use of scapegoats. The difference, however, is that Death of a Salesman has a single pers on as a scapegoat, whereas the people of Salem blame an idea before individuals. The people of Salem blame witchcraft for all of their problems, whether Sarah Good and the death of a neighbors pig, or Rebecca Nurse and the Putnam babies. Because the people fear what they do not understand, anything out of the ordinary is automatically supernatural in their eyes. Thus, Tituba, the slave from Barbados, is blamed for her conjuring and is hanged, along with many others. The people of Salem blame their problems on the witches. Scapegoats are used quite differently in Death of a Salesman. Biff blames his father, Willy, for not leading him correctly and trying to shield him from the real world. Willys overprotectiveness only puts off Biffs coming of age, which occurs during his discovery of his fathers licentiousness with the anonymous woman. According to P.P. Sharma, In the traumatic experience in the hotel room, however, [Biff] achieves an insight. With the realization that his father is a fraud comes his deliveranceBy trying to make a hero out of [Willy] Biff realizes Willy was only obscuring his identity and to that extent not exactly helping. He lays the blame squarely on Willy for filling his mind with exaggerated self-conceit (Sharma 370). Thus, through the masses and their use of scapegoats, society has the brutal power to crush the individual. Finally, the societal pressure placed on honor is strong enough to break a man, as shown by John Proctor and Willy Loman. Using the definition of tragedy of Richard J. Foster, both men were tragic heroes, because both were willing to give their life up for their honor. John Proctor, the hero of The Crucible, is forced to sacrifice his honor by admitting to lechery in order to save his wife, who, ironically, lies to save him, destroying them both. His puritan beliefs hold honor to oneself in very high esteem, and this causes the his death. He chooses death over the stain of the family name by not signing the document, as portrayed in the following lines: PROCTOR. I have three children- how may I teach them to walk like men in the world, and I sold my friends? Beguile me not! I blacken all of them when this is nailed to the church the very day they hang for silence. DANFORTH. Then explain to me, Mr. Proctor, why you will not let [allow me to post your confession]- PROCTOR. How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! Thus, Proctor rejects the societal pressure and does not give in. Willy, however, succumbs to honor and hides his cowardice behind suicide, which gives his family insurance money. He commits suicide, but by Fosters definition, which states that the tragic hero must be willing to give up his life, he is still a tragic hero. Thus, the plays Death of a Salesman and The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, each exhibit the theme of society as the indifferent, sometimes brutal, force that crushes an individual through the formation of sides, the assignment of scapeg oats, and the value of honor. In each case the individuals were crushed, either physically or mentally. Society contributes a great amount to the plight of a protagonist, and Miller portrays this theme through his characters and their interaction with one another.

Danielle Norman. Professor Karsak. Enc 1102. March 19 2016.

Danielle Norman Professor Karsak ENC 1102 March 19 2016 Secret Sin Hidden Behind a Black Veil â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†, Nathaniel Hawthorne tells the story of a parish pastor in Milford, New England. For unknown reasons, Parson Hooper has taken to wearing a dark veil on his face that covers all but his lips and chin. This veil immediately causes an uproar amongst the church members. Despite the fact that Parson Hooper’s behavior is largely the same, the people are genuinely shocked. Right away, they view this black veil as a sign the pastor is hiding a sinful secret. Parson Hooper goes onto preach a sermon that is similar to his usual sermons, but people find that it is suddenly more meaningful because of the veil. When finished, the†¦show more content†¦One woman even swears the corpse of the girl reacts to him. Hawthorne writes â€Å"Could Mr. Hooper be fearful of her glance, that he so hastily caught back the black veil?† Hawthorne uses the black veil to symbolize secret sin and its conseque nces (Emmett). This is reinforced by the fact that Parson Hooper’s sermon is all about that very topic. While Hawthorne never reveals what exactly Hooper’s sin was, he writes in a footnote about a Joseph Goody from York Maine who had died eighty years earlier. Goody had also covered his face with a black veil because he accidentally murdered his friend earlier in his life. (Hawthorne) This reveals that Parson Hooper is certainly hiding something, but at least it isn’t that he murdered someone. His fiancà ©e Elizabeth initially tries to reason with Hooper, hoping that she can get through to him. Or that he will at least remove the veil for her. Instead, he gives her vague answers and confirms that he will never take off the veil. Finally, the creepiness begins to affect Elizabeth and she leaves him. This is definitely symbolic of the consequences of sin. Parsons Hooper refuses honesty even to his own fiancà ©e and in return, he loses her. She asks him to at least explain why he cannot remove it, but he doesn’t give an answer instead he says â€Å"Know, then, this veil is a type and a symbol, and I am bound to wear it ever, both in light and darkness, in solitude and before the gaze of multitudes,

Culture s Complex Web Of Meaning - 1309 Words

Ethnography in our textbook is defined as method of participant observation designed to help a researcher experience a culture’s complex web of meaning. Ethnography is a concept that we have explored in class that is quintessential in developing this final essay, â€Å"Performing Identity†. For my interviewee I chose Gabriel Kenneh, a Liberian- born man, whom moved to America as a young teenager to escape a Civil War that was going on in his country at the time. Throughout the course of the interview I was intrigued by our cultural and ethnic differences as well as a few similarities that we shared. His strong cultural ties allowed for a very influential ethnographic experience. The ability to analyze the experiences of others whose lives and upbringing differ from your own and then living their life as they would has tremendous learning benefits. I was fortunate enough to spend a Thursday evening with Gabriel to conduct my interview, before we actually begun the interv iew Gabriel suggested we have a round of beers first just to loosen up from the long workweek. The interview itself was basically about his time in Liberia as a child, his thoughts and experiences when he first came to America and how he lived his life today. Throughout the initial first round of questions in my interview it was evident that Gabriel’s identity marker was his cultural and ethnic background. I found the ethnic and cultural differences and similarities between us to be quite intriguing especiallyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Invisible Borders 1066 Words   |  5 Pageseveryday amongst the people. The United States of America is divided amongst different cultures. Not necessarily by the cultures themselves, but by how people are perceiving these cultures and how these cultures go against other. 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Corporations draw upon established systems of meaning, selling

Shangri-La Hotel Stp free essay sample

These information will be mentioned and it is used to prepare for the major business report. Retrieved from http://www. shangri-la. com/en/corporate/aboutus/overview Table of content Introduction An international hotel is the hotel that has a chain in many countries but not just in one country. To compare with the normal hotel, international hotels are easier to satisfy different customers from all over the world, because they have more experience to treat the international customers. By contrast, the major customers of normal hotel are generally domestic customers.Industry background Organization’ background In this report, the Hong Kong luxury international hotel Shangri-la will be used. The first Shangri-la hotel was built in Singapore in 1971 and gradually became the most successful hotel in Asia and can be seen in many western countries, however, their major market is in Asia. Then they set stock exchange in Hong Kong in 1995. Competitors As we all know, nowadays, the tourist industry is developing fast that many countries need more international hotels. We will write a custom essay sample on Shangri-La Hotel Stp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shenzhen is a seaside city, many tourist go to the beach, Sheraton is a five star holiday hotel, which means their aims are different from Shangri-la, because Shangri-la is luxury hotel but Sheraton is a resort hotel. However, they are still competitors, having different strategies. Hilton hotel is similar to Shangri-la, they are both luxury hotel and they both seated in the city centre in Shenzhen. Also in the international area they are competitors. Environment In the series of factor of environment, the factor influence Shangri-la most is the cultural, political and economic forces, which are belong to macro-environment.It is a luxury hotel so they always need to face the changing situation of economic environment, when people’s income fall, it will affect their decision for hotel when they are travelling. The reason why cultural environment will affect them a lot is that they need to satisfy different customers in other countries, for example, they should justify style of decoration to make the local customers comfortable and make the customers from different cultures feel surprise and curious. Product categories A luxury hotel focus on bringing luxury services to customers because their main products are series of services.Shangri-la hotel in Sydney , for example, they have Spa services in the hotel, which is base on Chinese Spa theory, is called Chi. They also open a romantic Blu bar at night, it is a wonderful place to have a little drink. Of course, they have the basic service of a hotel, hotel room services (Shangri-la hotel, 2010). Marketing segmentation Firstly, a organization need to know what kind of customer will use their product or services, so they need to know the marketing segmentation of their organization.For Shangri-la, a luxury hotel, their segmentation focus on socioeconomic situation which is belong to demographic environment, customers’ behavior because they always face the high class customers, the customers who let them made the most of profits. Marketing targeting After segment the market, the organization need to target a specific market, or can be called the most important market to them from the segmentation. They can use undifferentiated marketing or differentiated marketing or concentrated marketing strategy. As a famous luxury hotel, Shangri-la use the differentiated strategy to distinguis h themselves and their competitors.

Privatizing Health Care in Canada

Introduction The health care system of Canada comprises several health insurance policies that provide health coverage to all citizens. It is funded by the government, and managed on territorial basis (Angell 46). However, the federal government establishes the guiding policies and principles that manage it. Canadian citizens get access to preventive care and medical treatment through the provisions of the health care system.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Privatizing Health Care in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, they have access to special treatment services and other medical services. Under the health care system, all Canadian citizens have access to health coverage regardless of their economic status, medical history, or living standards (Axworthy and Spiegel 55). However, few are exempted from health coverage due to various reasons. The health care system is subject to politica l debates because of doubts regarding its ability to provide efficient health care to citizens. Many critics advocate for a private system similar to the one that Americans use. However, fears of possible development of inequalities have arisen due to privatization proposal (Angell 48. It is important to privatize health care in Canada even though it might give rise to inequalities that will affect many people. Components of the Canadian health care system The Canadian Health Act forms the basis of the Canadian health care system. It has five main components that include public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility (Axworthy and Spiegel 59). These components are the main reasons for opposition of privatization of the health care system. The act gives the authority to administer provincial health insurance to a public authority that does not seek to make any profits from delivery of services. The authority is responsible for overseeing the ac tions of the authority, and the medical and financial accounts are subject to governmental audits. The act also requires all health services to be insured. Under the act, all insured people should have equal access to all health care services (Angell 51). It also provides coverage to any citizen who moves form one province to another. Finally, it provides access to health care facilities to all citizens, and appropriate compensation for all service providers.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effects of privatization Canada has a life expectancy of about 80 years that is attributed to its health care system (Marchildon 81). In addition, it has a very low rate of infant mortality. There are proposals to change the Canadian health care system to the private system similar to the one that is adopted by the United States. Opponents of privatization argue that it will offer m ore choices, reduce the cost of health care, and improve its quality. Others claim that will improve efficiency. On the other hand, opponents of privatization argue that it will bring inefficiency and inequality in the system. According to Caulfield and Tigerstorm (66), â€Å"people will not be able to afford certain types of treatments because of high costs.† Some studies have revealed that the privatized system of the United States is less efficient than the public system of Canada. This is explained by the reliance of the U.S on private corporations for funding of health care services. The U.S considers health care as a financial commodity rather than a social services that should aim to improve the welfare of citizens. This results in unequal distribution of health care because some people are unable to pay certain premiums. Low-income earners are unable to pay and therefore, fail to get access to certain health care services that they need most (Axworthy and Spiegel 64). For example, certain treatments are only available to rich people who can afford to pay. This means that poor people cannot access these treatments because of their inability to pay the high costs. Privatizing health care in Canada will introduce inequality because certain treatments will only be offered to people who can afford to pay (Caulfield and Tigerstorm 71). Proponents of privatization argue that it will make the system more efficient by creating more facilities (Marchildon 59). This will ultimately shorten waiting lists. This argument is based on a study of the U.S. For example, in the U.S., patients who are well insured do not need to wait for long periods to get treatments such as hip replacement. According to Caulfield and Tigerstorm, (88), â€Å"patients who are not well insured will wait for very long periods before being attended to, which will reduce the waiting list but introduce inequalities.† Only people who can afford hip replacement can undergo surgeries . Under public health care system, all citizens have equal opportunities of access to all types of treatment (Marchildon 72).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Privatizing Health Care in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The quality of health care under a privatized system will be different from the quality of health care under the current system (Gratzer 38). Privatization will introduce for-profit organizations that will be responsible for managing health care. This will make the cost of health care more expensive. The amount of money that citizens spend under the current system will not buy the same health care that they buy under a privatized system (Caulfield and Tigerstorm 89). Privatization will raise premiums and cost of healthcare. It is not possible for private organizations to continue providing health care without charging higher premiums in order to make profits and cater for costs. The current system eliminates the possibility of organizations trying to make profits. According to Marchildon (63), â€Å"Under privatization, organizations that have a responsibility to their investor will assume the role of the administration of health care and will thus strive to make profits in order to satisfy investors.† This move will affect many citizens. Canada’s Medicare is one of the most effective programs among such health care programs in industrialized countries. Instead of privatization, the government should expand its scope and include long-term care and home care. The main effect of privatization is increase in costs and decline in access to health care services. Private health care One of the weaknesses of the public health care system is lack of insurance coverage for prescription medications, dental services, and optometrists (Gratzer 43). The public system only offers coverage for basic services. Companies usually offer private health insurance pla ns for citizens who can afford to pay high premiums. In organizations, they usually form part of employee incentives. Canadians that can afford have the option of buying insurance from private companies at a higher premium rate. The main reason why many people purchase private insurance coverage is to deal with the aforementioned weaknesses in the public health care system. For example, citizens who require dental services, home care, or medications usually purchase private insurance because they are not covered under provincial plans (Caulfield and Tigerstorm 79). Privatization of health care will benefit people with certain needs but be disadvantageous to the majority of Canadians. This is evident from over-reliance on the public health care system by the majority of people.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Gratzerhe (63), â€Å"the only advantage of privatization is that it offers services with reduced wait times.† However, the issue of wait time is two sided because long wait time is beneficial to some patients. For example, it eliminates the probability of medical errors. Patients who can afford to pay on time risk undergoing speedy surgeries that might have been wrongly recommended. Proponents of privatization argue that it will reduce wait time. However, this argument is misguided and should not be used as the basis for privatization. The adverse effects that privatization will have on people who cannot afford costly insurance premiums should be the basis for accepting or declining privatization. Conclusion Canadian citizens get access to preventive care and medical treatment through the provisions of the Canadian Health Act. In addition, citizens have access to several medical services. The Canadian Health Act forms the basis of the Canadian health care system . It has five main components that include public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility. Under the health care system, all Canadian citizens have access to health coverage regardless of their economic status, social status, medical history, or living standards. Politicians have blown the issue of privatization out of proportion by peddling lies that misguide citizens with regard to its effect on the health care system. The quality of health care under a privatized system will be different from the quality of health acre under the current public system. Privatization will raise premiums and cost of healthcare. It is not possible for private organizations to continue providing health care without charging higher premiums in order to make profits. The current system eliminates the possibility of organizations trying to make profits. Privatization of health care in Canada will affect the larger population that cannot afford to pay for certain ty pes of treatments. If the system is privatized, it will favor the rich who can afford to pay for certain medical treatments. The issue should be evaluated further to determine whether privatization is appropriate for Canadians or not. Works Cited Angell, Marcia. Privatizing Health Care is not the Answer: Lessons from the United States.  Canadian Medical Association Journal 19.9 (2008): 916-919. Print. Axworthy, Lloyd, and Spiegel Jerry. (2002). Retaining Canada’s Health Care System as a Global Public Good. Canadian Medical Association Journal 167.4 (2002): 365-366. Print. Caulfield, Timothy, and Tigerstorm Barbara. Health Care Reform the Law in Canada:  Meeting the Challenge. Toronto: University of Alberta, 2002. Print. Gratzer, David. Better Medicine: Reforming Canadian Health Care. New York: ECW Press, 2005. Print. Marchildon G. Health Systems in Transition: Canada. Toronto (ON): University of Toronto Press, 2005. Print. This research paper on Privatizing Health Care in Canada was written and submitted by user Kailyn Phillips to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

To assess the effects of current economic climate on various economies regarding HR management practices within the sample. The WritePass Journal

To assess the effects of current economic climate on various economies regarding HR management practices within the sample. Abstract: To assess the effects of current economic climate on various economies regarding HR management practices within the sample. Abstract:Introduction Justification:Problem Description:Research Questions: RESEACH AIMS OBJECTIVES SIGNIFICANCE AND SCOPE OF STUDY Methodology:Discussion\ Arguments:Bibliography:Related Abstract: This research study involves a desconstructive approach to one of the most remarkable highlights of New Media\ Digital Media, which has been none other than the phenomenal growth of social networks which have definitely become the most domineering and conclusive communication tools of the modern society. Business and industry have taken full advantage of this innovation to incorporate personal and community profiles information sharing as effective human resource management and recruitment practice. Corporate businesses use of potential employee information for recruitment campaigns and subsequent monitoring and sharing of existing employee behaviour and character information. That has resulted in a whole host of sociology understanding or ethical/moral and legal issues within the topic of Business Management. The methodology of approach used within the research will consist of an ethnography study in a deconstructive manner to investigate the social behaviour adapted in various busi ness environments through a constructivism (epistemology). This will essentially help to understand the sociological behavior of employees and employer engagement, when the implantation of social networks within business and HR between their own experiences and ideas about the subject matter through legal and ethical entities on data protection and corporate law. The research studies main objective is to investigate a niche criteria through a sociological observation on the legal ramifications involved and how organizations are dealing with the matter of mixing business with pleasure, when social networking strategies are implemented. In addition to investigate the main motive of unraveling a riddle that is currently a domineering topic of discussion among the business and human resource world. The outcome of a sociological observation will surface whether there exists any real evidence of increased business organizational productivity or is it just a mere misconception? Introduction Justification: This research study involves a deconstructive approach to one of the most remarkable highlights of New Media\ Digital Media, which has been none other than the phenomenal growth of digital social networks which have definitely become the most domineering and conclusive communication tools of the modern society. Business and industry have taken full advantage of this innovation to incorporate personal and community profiles information sharing as effective human resource management and recruitment practice. Corporate businesses use of potential employee information for recruitment campaigns and subsequent monitoring/ sharing of existing employee behaviour and character information. That has resulted in a whole host of sociology understanding or ethical/moral and legal issues within the topic of Business Management. Problem Description: The massive growth of new media in the recent years and the popularity of digital social networks within business recruitment concept and strategies, there are bound to be corporate interests to radicalise human resource management and recruitment by incorporating social networks as business practice. Currently there is a lot of research available for a general business point of view. Not many researchers have involved the representation of understanding this movement from a sociology perspective. There is not enough observational understanding about this corporate practice, when and how this practice was introduced within business management. What are the ratios and proportions of this human resource management practice and the factors attributable to the current financial crisis? What are the effects of this practice on businesses and employees within local business cultures, ethical/moral codes and legal frameworks? This research intends to introduce the sociological communication of the business society in employee and employer engagement within the business environment in terms of legal or business growth production. This research intends to bridge this information gap. Research Questions: 1. To what extent has the incorporation of social networks in corporate human resource management affected businesses and employees? 2. To what extent have business environments benefited from this practice in various economies under the current economic climate in the form of Business Growth and Productivity? 3. What is the main kind of concept and strategy imploded for using social networks as an E-Tool for corporate recruitment? 4. To what extent have various conflicts surfaced between employer and employee engagement on a social level within offices? 5. To what extent has the universal policies and privacies of one social network impacted upon business policies and terms in the form of culture, race religion and offices operating in different countries for the same organisation? 6. What kind of ethical/moral and legal issues has arisen directly as a result of this new development within business recruitment practices? RESEACH AIMS OBJECTIVES 1. To research and investigate a resource management sample using digital social networks within everyday business environment. 2. To assess the effects of current economic climate on various economies regarding HR management practices within the sample. 3. To identify and analyse the ethical/moral issues generated by human resource management practices within the sample company. 4. To ascertain and understand the cultural/social among employee/employer regarding the use of digital social networks for human resource management within the sample. 5. To highlight the legal issues regarding the rules and regulations of digital social networks incorporated within human resource management and the local laws to that effect within the sample. SIGNIFICANCE AND SCOPE OF STUDY The findings of this study will bring about the awareness, information and understanding of personal/community information sharing and monitoring as conceived by HR management and recruitment practices and associated aspects of various social, cultural, ethical/moral and legal issues within the sample countries. The knowledge attributed to this research will be very useful in formulating new rules and regulations regarding data protection, human rights, civil liberties and employment laws locally and globally. This knowledge will also be of imperative importance for future development of digital social networks policies, agreements/licensing and rules/regulations for their users. Methodology: The methodology of approach used within the research will consist of an ethnography study in a deconstructive manner to investigate the social behaviour adapted in various business environments through a constructivism (epistemology). This will essentially help to understand the sociological behaviour of employees and employer engagement, when the implantation of social networks within business and HR between their own experiences and ideas about the subject matter through legal and ethical entities on data protection and corporate law. The research studies main objective is to investigate a niche criteria through a sociological observation on the legal ramifications involved and how organizations are dealing with the matter of mixing business with pleasure, when social networking strategies are implemented. The outcome of a sociological observation will surface whether there exists any real evidence of increased business organizational productivity or is it just a mere misconception ? Discussion\ Arguments: The reason for adapting an Ethnography methodology for this PhD study provides an obvious rational. Ethnography methodology is used with certain academic disciplines especially Social Sciences. Ethnographic research comes from the discipline of social and cultural anthropology where an ethnographer is required to spend a significant amount of time in the field. Ethnographers immerse themselves in the lives of the people they study and seek to place the phenomena studied in their social and cultural context Ethnographic research comes from the discipline of social and cultural anthropology where an ethnographer is required to spend a significant amount of time in the field (Lewis, 1985: p. 380). My research topic is a clear indication of requiring an Ethnographic research as it is investigating the social context of business organisations cultural anthropology. As I will be observing how employees and employers engage with social network during a business working environment to conduction a sociological observation. After early ground-breaking work by Wynn (1979), Suchman (1987) and Zuboff (1988), ethnography has now become more widely used in the study of information systems in organizations, from the study of the development of information systems (Orlikowski, 1991) to the study of aspects of information technology management (Davies, 1991; Davies Nielsen, 1992). Ethnography has also been discussed as a method whereby multiple perspectives can be incorporated in systems design (Holzblatt Beyer, 1993) and as a general approach to the wide range of possible studies relating to the investigation of information systems (Pettigrew, 1985). Ethnography is a research strategy that focuses upon describing and interpreting the social world through first-hand field study. The purpose of ethnography is to describe and explain the social world the research subjects inhabit in the way on which they describe and explain it. Although not a dominant research strategy in business, ethnography is very appropriate if the researcher wishes to gain insights about a particular context and better understand and interpret it from the perspective of those involved (Saunders et al., 2007). Researchers into management and organisations become ethnographers by working for a time in the business and the organisations they study and as a result, they become participant observers (Fisher, 2007). In participant observation the researcher attempts to participate fully in the lives and activities of subjects under study in order to understand the meaning and significances that people put upon the behaviour of them and others (Wisker, 2001). We wil l adopt the role of ‘’participant as observer† which means that our identity as researchers would be clear to all concerned and the subjects will be aware of the fact that this is a field study (Saunders et al., 2007). This will enable us to enter in the setting, in this case in a service QC, become part of the group and capture what people actually do, rather than what they say they do. Our objective is to fully involve and take part in order to see what people are doing, and why and this will enable the registration of experiences and behaviours at first hand in a detailed way, from the â€Å"inside† (Evered Reis-Luis, 1981). In addition, adopting this role allows the data to be gathered in a way that we are not covert and we will be benefited by determining from the members of the circle â€Å"what the problem really is†. Taking the time and effort to listen to the people doing the job can lead to valuable insight and deep understanding of the si tuation and their attitude towards QCs. It is our opinion that this methodology can provide us with all the appropriate qualitative information and data in order to investigate QCs in an efficient way. Finally, the semi- structured interviews will provide us with further detailed information and will supplement the data gathered by the observation. Members of QCs as well as facilitators will be interviewed in order to describe their experience as members and it will give us the opportunity to examine their personal views about the concept and purpose of QCs. Moreover, interviews will provide us feedback in order to compare our understanding and analysis of the situation with the views of members, since the conclusions of our observation will be discussed. Bibliography: Myers, Michael D. (1999) Investigating Information Systems with Ethnographic Research, Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 2, Article 23. Available at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol2/iss1/23 Wynn, E. (1979), â€Å"Office conversation as an information medium†, Unpublished PhD thesis, Universityof California, Berkeley, CA. Lewis,I.M. (1985) Social Anthropology in Perspective.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress. Suchman, L. (1987), Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication, CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge. Holzblatt, K. and Beyer, H. (1993), â€Å"Making customer-centered design work for teams†, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 36 No. 10, pp. 93-103. Orlikowski, W.J. (1991), â€Å"Integrated information environment or matrix of control? The contradictory implications of information technology†, Accounting, Management and Information Technologies, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 9-42. Davies, L.J. (1991), â€Å"Researching the organisational culture contexts of information systems strategy†, in Nissen, H.E., Klein, H.K. and Hirschheim, R. (Eds), Information Systems Research in the 1990s, Elsevier/NorthHolland,Amsterdam. Davies, L.J. and Nielsen, S. (1992), â€Å"An ethnographic study of configuration management and documentation practices in an information technology centre†, inKendall, K.E., Lyytinen, K. and De Gross, J. (Eds), The Impact of Computer-supported Technology on Information Systems Development, Elsevier/NorthHolland,Amsterdam. Pettigrew, A.M. (1985), â€Å"Contextualist research and the study of organizational change processes†, in Mumford, E., Hirschheim, R., Fitzgerald, G. and Wood-Harper, A.T. (Eds), Research Methods in Informations, North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 53-78.

Method and Progress in Management Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Method and Progress in Management Science - Essay Example For example, there has been a shift from efficiency to flexibility in modern management due to the new technological advances, and this situation produces new problems in management. There are many examples of technological advances that were produced in accordance with scientific advances like the clock, electrolysis, electric power distribution, the telegraph, the telephone, canned food, etc. Learner and Phillips (1993) remark that "The commercialization cycle is now so short that many scientific advances cannot be discussed without joint consideration of technology and management." Major point #3: Experiment in management sciences is almost impossible since it is extremely difficult to verify the evidence regarding the issues of research through controllable forecasting, which in turn can be very valuable for obtaining practical results in management decision and management science. Learner and Phillips provide evidence to make their point about controllable forecasting in management science by providing the following insight: "Entrail readers and prophets predicted immutable futures, implying that human action is ineffectual before the whim of the gods. The modern counterpart of this mode of prophecy is statistical time series analysis, which relies only on historical trend to predict the future, without regard to the technological or social processes that drive the variable of interest. It also ignores human intervention. There is another mode of prediction, which we shall refer to as "controllable prediction," in which human goals direct attention to controllable quantities." (Learner and Phillips, 1993). These authors also state the following regarding experiment and verification in management science: "Because fewer variables can be controlled outside the laboratory than in it, reproducibility of results is less useful as a criterion of scientific success, at least from the point of view of a manager who is considering whether to adopt and apply the findings. Experimentation may be essential for advancing theory in the physical sciences, but in the management sciences experimentation is often too expensive and may be impossible or meaningless." (Learner and Phillips, 1993). Major point #4: Progress in management science can be compared to a leapfrog game where its components (methodology, theory, data, and problems) advance step by step in an unbalanced mode. Author's supporting evidence or examples for major point #4: There is a difference between "substantive theory" and "methodological theory". As an example, the authors explain the use of the telescope by the astronomer. They also give as an example the great deal of published articles about marketing,

Classroom management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Classroom management - Research Paper Example This article written by Simonsen et al focuses on classroom management as a â€Å"critical skill area† and asserts that elementary level teachers need to be taught â€Å"practices that are backed by evidence† (2008: 351). The article further seeks to provide an â€Å"update† on what is currently known about classroom management as well as provide necessary guidelines for translating this knowledge into â€Å"practical classroom practice† (352). The article thus presents the methodology used for literature search, the results of the search, a â€Å"self-assessment tool† as well as â€Å"implications for future research† (352). Thus in this light, the researchers thoroughly examined various literature related to classroom management and finally identified â€Å"20 practices† that could be effectively implemented.Furthermore, the 20 practices identified as a result of the literature search have been group into five, that is, maximising st ructure; posting, reviewing as well as emphasising expectations, making students engage in ways where they can be observed, using various strategies to encourage and appreciate appropriate behaviour and also developing proper responses to inappropriate behaviour. The researchers believe that these features can be enforced with proper planning before the term session begins as well as throughout the school year. However, the limitation in their study is that the literature they used for the research purpose is over twenty years old.

An Evaluation of Academic Performance of Grade Essay Example for Free

An Evaluation of Academic Performance of Grade Essay Introduction â€Å"Bright minds make bright future! † Preparatory children nowadays are far  Ã‚  better than before they are more advanced in teaching and more capable of absorbing the methods of learning that used with them. Modern teaching accompanied with modules and analytical measures develop the  preschooler’s memory retention that serves as the foundation of their education. Kids today  are more willing and not afraid to  try to discover new ways and methods of learning. The value of preschool is a  hot topic these days. A small but growing number of  studies link enrolment in preschool or child care  centers (which typically include a  preschool curriculum) to higher cognitive and language scores on kindergarten-entry tests The early childhood stage is a  permanent learning stage. Whatever they learn now, they will take home. This preschool education is the provision of education for  children  before the commencement of statutory education, usually between the ages of three and five, dependent on the jurisdiction. The institutional arrangements for preschool education vary widely around the world, as do the names  applied to the institutions. Effective preschool education can help make all children ready to learn the day they start school and, more importantly, help close the  enormous gap facing children in  poverty. Preschool gives our kids the strong  foundation they need to be  successful in school and in life. Children who attend pre-kindergarten programs have bigger  vocabularies and increased math  skills, know more letters and more letter-sound associations, and are more familiar with words and book concepts, according to a number  of studies (Patson P. Opido 2010). The child is the ultimate concern in all educational processes. He is the beginning at the end of all educational efforts. The goal of education is to help every child grow up well-rounded; physically well-developed, mentally healthy, intelligently alert, emotionally secure and socially well adjusted. These can be truly achieved by giving attention to the child’s foundation. The first day of the children in school is a unique experience. It may be their first contact with big group of children. The difference among first grade pupils in their level of preparedness to grade one work may vary. The grade I teacher should be aware of the differences in the children’s readiness; some readiness is the springboard to do actions. Knowing pupil’s differences will guide the teacher on what to do to develop them to the fullest ( Lindberg and Swedo, 1995). A child born of a healthy, responsible and emotionally mature parents has a good foundation. His parents, especially the mother, guide him through the proper habits of eating, sleeping and cleanliness. An individual’s attitude toward himself and others, his behaviour either at work or at play, and his emotional roots in his early childhood experiences. What he learns at home constitutes the basis for future learning and adjustment. As the child develops social awareness, he needs to experience association with a larger group outside his home. Parents send their children to school simply because they want them to develop basic health habits and self sufficiency. Furthermore, this also includes the ability to use language patterns for simple and correct social attitudes in relation to the company of people around him, whether adults or other children and the appreciation of the aesthetic attributes of his immediate surroundings. Modern teaching accompanied with modules and analytical measures develop the preschooler’s memory retention serving as the foundation of their education. Kids today are more willing and not afraid to try to discover new ways and methods of learning. The value of preschool is a hot topic these days. A small but growing number of studies link enrolment in preschool or child care centers (which typically include a preschool curriculum) to higher cognitive and language scores on kindergarten-entry tests. The early childhood stage is a permanent learning stage. Whatever they learn now, they will take home. This preschool education is the provision of education for children before the commencement of statutory education, usually between the ages of three and five, dependent on the jurisdiction. Parents on the other hand, play a vital role in educating their children because they are their first teachers, which is the greatest contribution before a child ever begins his formal education in school. When a child enters the formal school, he carries out with him the acquired values from his parents. Just like the teacher’s task, if parents fail to perform their responsibilities, it may bring misbehaviour on their children which may directly or indirectly affect the child’s academic performance. In the Philippine public elementary schools today, inner tensions have been continuously affecting the learners going to grade one level, especially those who had never gone to any kind of schooling before. These learners entering grade one have many apprehensions. Most of them have no experiences in going to school. Parents are not capable of sending them to school especially those in remote and slum areas. Instead of giving their children a chance to study in Day Care Centers and Kindergarten in some public elementary schools, they ended up waiting for their to be accepted in Grade One. With these scenarios the pupils encounter difficulties in catching up with different skills like numeracy and literacy which are now the basic skills necessary in the first grade level of formal schooling. These children also suffer in relating themselves to their new environment, the school. In order to have a smooth transition from home to school and to prepare them socially and psychologically, the curriculum on the Early Childhood Experiences was recommended for adoption in all public elementary schools as included in Every Child A Reader Program ( ECARP). It aims to developing the reading readiness and developmental reading in Grade one as launched by the Department of Education. One of the major goals of the 2015 Education for All (EFA) is the expansion of the coverage and improvement of the quality of the Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) programs in the country. The present government administration in its Ten-Point Agenda has declared a policy calling for the standardization of preschool and day care centers. The Department of Education (DepEd) in support of this thrust will administer School Readiness Assessment Test to All Grade One Entrants, effective SY 2005-2006. The School Readiness Assessment (SRA) is a tool to determine the readiness of Grade One entrants in tackling formal Grade One work. The School Readiness Assessment Tool will be administered by Grade One teachers assisted by the Grade Two and Three teachers one week before opening of classes. The assessment shall not be treated as an entrance test or examination. No child shall be refused entry to Grade 1 based on the results neither of this assessment nor without preschool experience. To continuously determine the school readiness of all Grade One Entrants, the School Readiness Assessment (SReA) was administered. One of the objectives of SReA is to assess pupils’ readiness across the different developmental domains – gross and fine motor, receptive/ expressive language, cognitive domain and socio- economic domain. The result obtained was the basis for grouping the Grade One entrants. It was also used to guide Grade One teachers in providing appropriate instruction and assistance to address specific needs of the pupils. The result of the School Readiness Test in May 2011 identified that there were at least forty two point ninety eight percent of the school population of Grade One entrants were not ready. Children with No Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) has low average in pupils’ readiness across the different developmental domains – gross and fine motor, receptive/ expressive language, cognitive domain and socio- economic domain. Background of the Study The researcher is motivated by the above mentioned situation and this led to the conceptualization of this study. As an educator, the researcher is faced with the fact that there is an imperative need to strengthen and streamline the internal management of educational arrangements in order to achieve efficiency and responsiveness to trends and challenges of the next millennium. It is therefore the aim of this study to empower parents and positively influence them on affirmative effects of pre-school education in the holistic development of their children particularly on the advancement of their academic performance. The value of preschool is a  hot topic these days. A small but growing number of  studies link enrolment in preschool or child care  centers (which typically include a  preschool curriculum) to higher cognitive and language scores on kindergarten-entry tests. The early childhood stage is a  permanent learning stage. Whatever they learn now, they will take home. This preschool education is the provision of education for  children  before the commencement of statutory education, usually between the ages of three and five, dependent on the jurisdiction. The institutional arrangements for preschool education vary widely around the world, as do the names  applied to the institutions ( Bustos Alicia and Espiritu 1985). The Early Childhood Experiences Curriculum, hence all Grade One teachers are expected to implement it. Teachers are also encouraged to make use of local songs, games, dances and indigenous materials to enrich the curriculum. It is hoped that the Early Childhood Experience for Grade One will greatly benefit the children and strengthen efforts to make the schools child-friendly. Theoretical Framework This study is anchored on Edward Thorndike’s, Jerome Bruner’s, and B. F. Skinner’s Theories of Learning. These theories enabled the researcher in the conceptualization of this work. The Law of Readiness as advocated by Thorndike is associated with mind set. It states that when an organism is prepared to respond to a stimulus, allowing doing so would be satisfying while preventing him would be annoying. This law works well in this study because the children is mentally ready to learn. The Law of Exercise states that the constant repetition of response strengthens its connection with the stimulus, while disuse of response weakens it. The exercises given to the children using a modifiable connection like instructional materials enables them to acquire the learning easier and faster because the responses will be utilized, the stronger the connection to be developed. Thus, when a modifiable between a stimulus and a response has been made, it is strengthened if its results in satisfaction as the Law of effect proves. Jerome Bruner’s (1915) theory of Instrumental conceptualization is also applied as it involves (3) three simultaneous processes as: Acquisition, Transformation and Evaluation. This theory of learning believes that the acquisition of whatever form of knowledge acquisition, who selects structures, retains and transforms information. Teaching without the use of proper strategic plans will result to failure. Through School Readiness Assessment Test (SReA), pupils will acquire knowledge through different techniques used by the researchers. Hence, learning to read is facilitated by Skinner’s Theory. Conceptual Framework This study focused on the evaluation of academic performance of Grade One pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience of Sto. Nino Elementary School. The independent variable consist of School Readiness Assessment Test (SReA) for children with and without Early Childhood Experience while the dependent variable is the academic performance of the respondents in terms of the following: Sensory Discrimination, Concept Formation, Numeracy, Reading Readiness and Construction and Visual Motor Integration. Research Paradigm Independent Variable Dependent Variable Figure 1 The above figure shows the relationship of independent variables to dependent variables of the study. Statement of the Problem This study intended to evaluate the academic performance of Grade One pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience (ECE) at Sto. Nino Elementary School, Division of San Pablo City. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions: 1. What are the mean pre-test scores of the two groups of pupils in terms of the following: a) Sensory, b) Concept Formation, c) Numeracy, d) Reading Readiness and e) Construction and Visual- Motor Integration? 2. What are the mean post-test scores of the two groups of pupils in terms of the following: a) Sensory Discrimination, b) Concept Formation, c) Numeracy, d) Reading Readiness and e) Construction and Visual Motor- Integration? 3. Is there a significant difference in the mean scores between the pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and their performance? Hypothesis The hypothesis stated below was tested in this study. There is no significant difference in the mean scores between the pupils with Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and those without Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and their performance in terms of the following: i. Sensory Discrimination, ii. Concept Formation, iii. Numeracy, iv. Reading Readiness and a. Construction and Visual- Motor Integration? Significance of the Study This study is of importance to the pupils, teachers, principals, parents and other researcher for the following reasons: Pupils are primary group which the study would benefit. They are the central point to be given much consideration because they are the recipients of this study. They will be assessed and it would be a big help for them to improve their academic performance. Teachers are the facilitators of learning. They may be able to undertake possible teaching alternatives that may be facilitate, enhance and improve their teaching skills to cater the needs of the pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience in order to improve their academic performance. They will specifically take cognizance of their status at present in terms of the problem arising in their own classroom. Likewise, they could assess definitely where the problem lie and thus, make remediation to solve them. Therefore the learners’ needs would be taken into considerations. The results of this investigation will also help other teacher in the field since the problems raised here may have also help them to improve the academic performance of their pupils. Principals are the ones who initiate support for every change that happens in the school. Good management and supervision of the school and the teachers, respectively, are the responsibility of the principals. Results which this study reveal may enable the school heads to plan out better and more effective ways to evaluate the academic performance of Grade One pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience. It is very important to take in consideration the needs of Grade One pupils because it is the foundation year for them. In that case the principal ought to have a plan to cater the individual needs of the learner to improve their academic performance to elevate the quality of education in the country. Parents are stakeholders of the school. The findings of this study are important to parents because they need to be informed about the performance of their school children in school. Through this, they will know the importance of Early Childhood Experience (ECE) for their children. For this reason, they will send them in preschool. So that their children will not be shocked with their new environment. The parents will work hand and hand with the teacher in facilitating strategies to evaluate the academic performance of the learners. They may also help influencing their children to have a good study habits. Their support to their children and school is important so that the goals will be attained. Other researchers who would be interested with this problem may gain further insights in developing their own research work. The data that will be revealed by this study may be used by other researcher to enhance their own studies. They may also use it as related study or augment data that they have to come up with a more comprehensive knowledge about the problem presented here into. Scope and Limitation of the Study The focus of the study to be conducted is An Evaluation of Academic Performance of Sto. Nino Elementary School, Dapdapan, District, Division of San Pablo City. It limits its coverage on the result of School Readiness Assessment (SReA) which includes the following areas – Sensory Discrimination, Concept Formation, Numeracy, Reading Readiness, and Construction and Visual Integration; the Pre test and Post test of School Readiness Assessment (SReA) and the instructional module being devised to answer the needs of Grade One pupils. The respondents of the study will be eighty (80) pupils of Sto. Nino Elementary School, forty (40) pupils with Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and forty (40) pupils without Early Childhood Experience (ECE). Definition of Terms For the interpretation of the study, the terms used are defined in order to avoid vagueness or ambiguousness meaning. Therefore, provide the reader a common point of reference. Public Elementary SchoolsThese are school managed, operated and maintained by the national government. It offers curricular programs for Grade One to Six children. Sensory Discrimination These refer to exercises in discriminating simplest form of mental operation that was clearly intellective. It includes exercises on identifying same and different shapes. Concept FormationThese refer to exercises that requires the learner to construct the properties of the object from the definition. It includes exercises on completing statements showing simple analogy. Numeracy The term refers the ability to learn the specific tasks in Mathematics like counting, arranging, sequencing sets of objects. The numeracy skills are designed to help with the more advanced levels of mathematics that pupils will encounter during the school lives and also into their adulthood. It includes exercises pointing out which has more or less sets. In this study, it pertains to the level of achievement of the Grade One pupils in different learning skills in Mathematics as perceived by their Grade One teachers. Construction and Visual-Motor Integration These skills refer to the smooth coordination of the eyes and hands working together. Sto. Nino Elementary School Public Elementary school situated in Brgy. Sto. Nino, San Pablo City where the present study is being conducted. Grade One Pupils. Refer to children entering the formal school in the primary grades as prescribed by the Department of Education, whose ages ranges from six (6) years old and above. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents literature and studies which are related to the problem. The materials found in local and foreign books, educational journals and magazines, documents, guidelines and reports by Department of Education provided references. Related Literature Philosophy and Goals of Elementary Education. Philosophy of pre-school education as stated in DECS Memo no. 107 s. 1989 considers the child, the school and the teacher with the support of the family in the maximizing the child’s potential. Pre-school education is based on the knowledge that each child is unique individual with his own biological make up, interest, capacities, and ways of viewing the world. He has a tremendous capacity for learning. He is active and understands the world differently from adult. His language has developed with acquisition of wide vocabulary making him capable of communicating his ideas and feelings. A pre-school child is always on the process of becoming, and therefore if properly developed can become a critical thinker and a socially sensitive, directed, creative, responsible and caring individual. Pre-school education must aim to develop children in all aspects physical, social, emotional and cognitive so that they will be better prepared to adjust and cope with life situations and the demands of formal schooling. By doing so, learning gaps and dropouts may be reduced or avoided to the maximum. Objectives of Pre-School education is founded on the following objectives; (Inc.DECS Memo No. 45 1995). They are as follows: To develop the child in all aspects ( physical, social, emotional and cognitive) so that they may be better prepared to adjust and cope with the life situations within the context of his experience. To maximize the child’s potential through a variety of carefully selected and meaningful experiences considering his interests and capabilities, and; To develop the child in all aspects so that he becomes a self- propelling, thinking and contributing individual able to make decisions which all prepare him more complex demands for future life. DepEd Order No. 10, s. 2004 is the legal basis in the implementation of the Enhanced Eight-Week Early Experiences for Grade One. Its main thrust is development of academic skills among learners. It is because most Grade One entrants have not gone through pre-school experiences. Hence, the Early Childhood Experience has been enriched and aligned with the BEC making it’s integral part of the Grade 1 Curriculum. In 1995, Early Childhood Experiences for Grade One was institutionalized at the same time as the official age for entry into the primary school was dropped to six years of age. All Grade One teachers were requested to implement the Eight-Week Curriculum and gradually move to the regular Grade One curriculum. Pursuant to DepEd Order No. 15, s. 2005, which calls for the administration of School Readiness Assessment for All Grade One Entrants, all incoming Grade 1 shall undergo a school readiness assessment using the revised tool. The School Readiness Assessment (SRA) will be administered by Grade 1 teachers to be assisted by Grade II, III and master teachers of their respective schools. This assessment shall be administered twice. The first assessment given on May. The second shall be administered after the children have undergone 8-week curriculum, focusing on the competencies not manifested by the child during the first assessment. The SRA will determine the level of progress of Grade 1 entrants across different developmental domains that are critical in tracking Grade 1 learning competencies. The result shall be the basis for grouping the Grade 1 entrants. It will be also used to guide Grade 1 teachers in providing appropriate instruction and assistance to address specific needs of the pupils through the utilization of the 8-week curriculum. The assessment shall not be treated as an entrance test or examination as children may be anxious about passing or failing. No child shall be refused entry to Grade 1 based on the results of this assessment. â€Å" Educating our children at an early stage will give more chance for young Filipinos in the future to compete for jobs and opportunities in the new world order in which better educated and highly skilled persons have become the most valued resources. † Giving access to free quality early childhood education will bridge the gap between the rich and the poor that will give our less privileged countrymen a strong foundation for the challenges in the next millennium. (Eduardo J. Angara, 1997) The Early Childhood Care and Development ( ECCD ) Law, enacted in 2000, recognizes the importance of early childhood and its special needs, affirms parents as primary caregivers and the child’s first teachers, and establishes parent effectiveness, seminars and nutrition counselling for pregnant and lactating mothers. The law requires the establishment of a National Coordinating Council for the Welfare of Children which: (a) establishes guidelines, standards, and culturally relevant practices for ECCD programs; (b) develops a national system for the recruitment, training, and accrediting of caregivers; (c) monitors the delivery of ECCD services and the impact of beneficiaries; (d) provides additional resources to poor and disadvantaged communities in order to increase the supply of ECCD programs; (e) encourages the development of private sector initiatives the Republic Act 6972 known as â€Å" Barangay (village) Level Total Protection of Childen Act† has a provision that requires all local government units to establish a day-care centre in every village ; the law institutionalized the features of day-care programme that provide for young children’s learning needs aside from their health and psychosocial needs. The universalization of early childhood education and standardization of preschool and day care centers was established though the Executive Order No. 658 of 2008 (Expanding the Pre-School Coverage to Include Children Enrolled in Day Care Centers). (PTFE 2008). According to Clark (2002), in her article First Grade Readiness, there are signs one can look for, to know if a child is a ready for first grade. In the physical realm, the first grade child’s limbs are now proportion with the body and head . There is a loss of baby far and greater definition in the face. In the emotional realm, the young child who once expressed strong emotions through sudden outburst now has a feelings that begin to deepen. A child will talk of â€Å"hurt feelings† and being sad. Socially, the first grade ready child begins to form friendships which go deeper than before. The child feels loyalty for friends and often expresses the desire to be with them. In the mental realm, there is the birth of free memory. This is different than the memory of a four year old. The younger child’s memory must be triggered by a sight, smell, or rhythmic verse when the memory and recall it will. Kagan (2000) stated that the concept of school readiness has been defined and redefined over the years resulting in differing viewpoints. Several theories of child development and learning have been used to explain the term. In fact, there appears to be two types of readiness: readiness to learn, which involves a level of development at which the child has the capacity to learn specific materials, and readiness for school and readiness for school which involve specific set of cognitive, linguistic, social and motor skills that enable a child to assimilate the school’s curriculum. According to Quinto (2001) the lowering of entrance to six years old for grade one pupils in the Philippines public elementary schools have created inner tensions, especially to those who had never gone to any kind of school before. So, in order to have a smooth transition from home to school and to prepare them socially, psychologically, the curriculum on the Early Childhood Experiences was recommended for adoption in all public elementary schools. Studies show that child’s mind is almost full developed before he reaches the age of five. This presents a need for an organized early childhood education. Pre-elementary or preschool education is one of the latest trends in childhood education which gives equal opportunities to all children at the lowest step of educational ladder. Preschool education holds a prominent place, being that level in the school system wherein children are trained to be better prepared for grade one. For the development of the child, the curriculum focuses on these areas of development: physical ( gross and fine motor coordination through play and manipulated activities like games, simple work); cognitive ( communication skills, sensory-perceptual concepts, numeracy skills); personal social (health habits and independence in dressing, eating, sleeping, toileting; relating with teachers, peers and other people through group play and interaction; follow rules and routine. Groark (2006) stresses that the school and district administrators, as well as policymakers are increasingly recognizing that early education and intervention services for young children have a direct and positive impact on later school performance and quality. Soliven (1999) stated that an authority on child development, underscores the significance of pre-primary education to the mental development of children citing the results of research which showed that pre-primary education is important to the child, she pointed out the intellectual capacity of the child is most susceptible to reaches a substantially higher rate of intellectual development of Early Childhood especially in a favourable environment. It is apparent that intelligence is best developed in the first six years of life, if the child is exposed to a favourable environment for development during this formative period. Vittetow (1994) former Education Expert of International Cooperation Administration (ICA) in his Educational Series Bulletin for the Bureau of Public Schools gave growth characteristics of Pre-school Filipino children, which are true to all children at this level of growth and development. Said development and growth includes: 1) Physical Characteristics, 2) Mental Characteristics, 3) Social Characteristics, 4) Emotional Characteristics, 5) Spiritual and Moral Characteristics and 6) Aesthetic Characteristics. According to Kats (2001) what the children learn, how they learn, and how much they learn depend on many factors. Among the most important factor’s are the child’s physical well-being, and his emotional and cognitive relationships with those who care for him. The school readiness goal reflects two concerns about the education of young children. The first is that the increasing numbers of young children in poverty, in single-parent households have limited proficiency in English are affected by the drug abuse of their parents have poor nutrition, and receive inadequate health care. The second area of concern involves such matters as the high rates of retention in kindergarten and primary grades, delayed school entry in some districts, segregated transition in classes in others and the increasing use of standardized tests to determine children’s readiness to enter school. Standardized tests used to deny children entrance to school or place them in special classes are inappropriate for children younger than six. These trends are due largely to the fact that an academic curriculum and direct instruction teaching practices that are appropriate for the upper grades have gradually been moved down to the kindergarten and first grade. These two areas of concern suggest that reaching the school readiness goal will require a twofold strategy: one part focused on supporting families in their efforts to help their children get ready for school, and the second on helping the schools to be responsive to the wide range of development levels, backgrounds, experiences, and needs of children to bring them in school. Watson (1985) pointed out that groups of children of higher economic status have higher level of intelligence than those favored economic status, the higher their average IQ’s on Standford Binet or similar verbal test. The mismatch between the schools and children from low income working class families had led to concerted attempts to involve parents from these families in the schools. When the school can involve low-income parents, their children’s school attendance increases, the children are less disruptive in class and less aggressive on the playground, their classwork improves, and they are more likely to complete their homework. If they are raised in emotionally secured homes they tend to be emotionally secured children. If they are raised in homes which lack happiness and have little emotionally security they may in time tend to be unhappy and insecure. However, these differences between higher and lower socio-economic groups may be due to non-intellectual factors. Some of these factors serving to depress intelligence test scores among the lower socio-economic groups could be greater resistance to taking test, the effect of nutritional deficiencies, different attitudes towards education, suspicion, lack of support and the like. Although any or all of these factors seem reasonable, there are no definite research to establish the answer conclusively. It has been observed that most elementary teachers do not have the necessary educational background to teach visual arts. University of Hawaii’s Professor, Dr. Stephanie Feeny (1986); stresses the importance of the arts in the development of the thinking process in children.